Page 1¶

ND LINKER¶

ND 211224 ND LINKER for ND-500/ND-5000
ND 211229 CONVERT-DOMAIN

flowchart TD
    A(SYMBOLIC PROGRAMS) --> B(COMPILER)
    B --> C(NRF - CODE)
    C --> D(ND LINKER)
    D --> E(EXECUTABLE PROGRAMS & SEGMENTS)
    D --> F(LIBRARIES)

             ND
           Norsk Data

Page 2¶

ND LINKER¶

Introduction¶

The ND LINKER (NDL) converts compiled ND-500/5000 programs from ND Relocatable Format (NRF) into executable form (DOMAIN) which it stores on a domain file and/or segment file(s).

To start a program on an ND-500/ND-5000 computer, a domain or segment file containing the main program must be invoked. The segment files are optional, and may be used for instructions and data common to one or more domains, e.g. libraries. By linking the domains to the segments, space can be saved and/or performance increased.

Features¶

Self-contained domain files
Up to 32 program segments and 32 data segments per domain
Each segment may be up to 128 Mb, giving a total address space of 4.2 Gb of program and 4.2 Gb of data
Specified NRF modules may be loaded from NRF files
Specified entries on segment files may be linked
Easy to port domains to other users and machines
Link lock/link key concept assures consistency between the domain file and the segment file(s) at runtime
Standard actions on CLOSE (e.g. trap commands, load or link of standard libraries etc.) may be stored on file on the current user or on user SYSTEM
Memory allocation facility to fix segments in memory at runtime
Communication to ND-100 via RTCOMMON and ND-100 segments
Powerful library handler to build, maintain and inspect NRF libraries
Online help facility for command keywords and detailed command description
History facility which enables the user to inspect, print and save input and output data
Full ND-NOTIS editing on commands and parameters
Job-control language facility

Page 3¶

ND LINKER¶

Product Description¶

An executable ND-500/5000 program is called a DOMAIN. It may consist of up to 32 subparts for data, and 32 subparts for program. These subparts are called SEGMENTS, and may for example be subroutines or shared data. Segments may be shared with other domains. A domain is identified by its name, which is the same as the file name.

Segments physically contained within a domain file are called SLAVE SEGMENTS. Slave segments have no name, just a number from 0 to 31.

Segments residing on segment files are called FREE SEGMENTS. Free segments have both a name (which is the same as the file name) and a number from 0 to 31. Free segments may be linked to domains or other free segments as long as the name and number do not coincide with those already defined.

A special type of slave segment is a FORTRAN common segment. This segment may remain open during the loading so that the FORTRAN common blocks loaded may be directed to and stored on the segment, while instructions and other data are directed to the current slave segment.

Each domain and free segment contains a file header. The header manages the rest of the domain and includes information as to the contents of the domain and its size. In addition to the header, the domain and segments contain debug/link information, the symbol table and the program and/or data segments.

Due to the large address space available for each segment, most users would find one program and data segment sufficient for running their programs. The following advantages may, however, be gained by splitting a system and loading it to several free segments:

Free segments may be used to enable standard libraries to be accessed by several programs simultaneously. This reduces both memory and mass-storage requirements.
Segments are reentrant and will thus reduce physical memory requirements.
Segments may be protected; for example, a read-only data segment prevents important data from being destroyed by mistake.

The figure below shows some typical configurations:

graph TD;
    subgraph For_small_programs
        dom_file_dom --> free_seg_30_seg
        slave_seg_1 --> dom_file_dom
    end
    subgraph For_large_programs
        dom_file_dom2 --> slave_seg_0
        slave_seg_0 --> free_seg_1_seg
        slave_seg_3 --> slave_seg_7
        free_seg_1_seg --> free_seg_2_seg
        free_seg_2_seg --> free_seg_30_seg
        dom_file_dom2 --> slave_seg_30
        dom_file_dom2 --> slave_seg_31
    end

Convert Domain¶

A subsystem called CONVERT-DOMAIN (ND 211229) supports conversion from the format generated by the LINKAGE LOADER (ND 210319) to the current domain format.

It is possible to run both domain formats simultaneously.

Documentation¶

Document	Reference
ND Linker - User Guide and Reference Manual	ND-60.289 EN

Page 4¶

Contact Information¶

Corporate Headquarters¶

Address: Ole Deviks vei 5
P.O. Box 50, Bryn
N-0611 Oslo 6
Norway

Contact: - Tel: +47-2-270000 - Telex: 79674 sens n
005285460 nd
26629 nd n
- Telefax: +47-2-270925
- Manufacturer's no: +47-2-275844

Norway¶

Address:
Ole Deviks vei 6
P.O. Box 50, Bryn
N-0611 Oslo 6
Norway

Contact: - Tel: +47-2-270000
- Telex: 79674 sens n
- Stavanger: +47-4-550000
- Bergen: Tel: +47-5-329090
- Trondheim: +47-7-513333
- Tromsø: Tel: +47-83-86622

ND Comptec¶

Address:
Ole Deviks vei 5
P.O. Box 50, Bryn
N-0611 Oslo 6
Norway

Contact: - Tel: +47-2-620000
- Telex: 79674 sens n
- Sweden: +46-8-7517450
- Denmark: Tel: +45-86-36544
- West Germany: +49-911-65055
- Austria: Tel: +43-1-309-7201
- Netherlands: +31-36182-103
- USA: +1-703-6618500

ND International¶

Address:
Ole Deviks vei 6
P.O. Box 50, Bryn
N-0611 Oslo 6
Norway

Contact: - Tel: +47-2-620000
- Telex: 75870 n
- Telefax: +47-2-620061

Sweden¶

Contact: - ND Norsk Data AB
Karolinska D11
P.O. Box 27141
S-102 52 Upplands Väsby
Tel: +46-8-7513600
- Telebox: +46-8-7517450 - Gothenburg: Tel: +46-31-486760
- Malmö: Tel: +46-40-570510

ND-Silvadata Sweden¶

Address:
S91 84 Sundsvall
Sweden

Contact: - Tel: +46-60-151510
- Telefax: +46-60-171850

Denmark¶

Contact: - ND Norsk Data A S
Lautrupbjerg 1-3
P.O. Box 221
DK-2750 Ballerup
Tel: +45-86-86546
- Telefax: +45-86-180905

Finland¶

Contact: - Oy Norsk Data A/S
Porsonkierto
Box 57
SF-00381 Helsinki
- Tel: +358-0-3486111
- Telefax: +358-0-3682262

United Kingdom¶

Contact: - Norsk Data Ltd.
Benyon Valeo
Newbury, RG13 8LU
United Kingdom
- Tel: +44-635-39211
- Telefax: +44-635-85284

West Germany¶

Contact: - Norsk Data GmbH
Thorstärnen 10-12
5800 Bad Hamburg v.d.H.
- Tel: +49-6172-6400
- Telefax: +49-6172-23 8004

Belgium¶

Contact: - Wordplex Belgium S.A.
- Tel: +32-3-270265
- Telefax: +32-2-7109581

France¶

Contact: - Norsk Grande Paris
- Tel: +33-1-40255000
- Telefax: +33-1-40370000

Ireland¶

Contact: - Norsk Data Ireland Ltd. A/S
IDA Industrial Estate, Santry Avenue
Dublin 9
Ireland
- Tel: +353-1-457204
- Telefax: +353-1-421121

Luxembourg¶

Contact: - Wordplex Luxembourg
- Tel: +352-998745
- Telefax: +352-354801

The Netherlands¶

Contact: - Norsk Data Nederland B.V
- P.O. Box 550
- 3300 AN Nieuwegein
- Tel: +31-3602-74211
- Telefax: +31-3602-73419

Spain¶

Contact: - Norsk Data - Wordplex España S.A.
Paseo de Garcia 50
08007 Barcelona
Spain
- Tel: +34-3394409 - Telefax: +34-34197702

Switzerland¶

Contact: - Norsk Data (Switzerland) S.A.
- Tel: +41-1-268320

Australia¶

Contact: - Wordplex Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Tel: +61-7-8951333

Hong Kong¶

Contact: - Norsk Data International
- Tel: +852-491921/491923

USA¶

Contact: - Norsk Data Inc.
- Tel: +1-617-366-9362

Agents and Distributors¶

France¶

Telefon: +33-1-40370000

Iceland¶

Telefon: +354-961360

India¶

Telefon: +91-11-46871128

Pakistan¶

Telefon: +92-25-314595

Thailand¶

Telefon: +66-253-9684

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Note: Contact information is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Norsk Data.